The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. Town planning system the town planning system of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was city based. Dayaram sahni first discover harappa in 1921 rd bannerjee discovered mohenjodaro in 1922 the indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization thriving along the indus river and the ghaggarhakra river which is presently known as pakistan and northwestern india. Dholavira site was excavated recently in 1990s compared to harappa and mohenjodaro. But early indus valley civilization had existed even before bc.
Please visit the post tnpsc online test history indus valley civilization to read the full article. Town planning in indus valley civilization history tuition. Tradeand travel indus valley cities lived by trade. It consists of 6 questions from the topic indus valley civilization along with a very detailed explanation that will help you revise the concepts associated with this topic holistically for ias.
Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. Once they become large, they evolved into scale invariant behaviour. The town planning of harappan civilization reveals that the civic organisations of the city were highly developed and even at the present age, the sites are special attractions for archaeologists. Once again, an author, this time in australia, comes away unimpressed by this simplistic equation. The decline of this civilization which was the largest in bronze age civilization.
Mudit mathur for asking to answerwhat are the main city of indus valley civilization we should be very conscious about speculating main and sub main cities of that civilization. Another look at the mother goddess interpretation of female figurines from the ancient indus valley, in this case those remarkable ones with various elaborate headdresses. Causes of decline of the indus valley civilization introduction. Harappa town planning is one of the most outstanding and remarkable features of harappa and the indus valley civilization, which is located in northwest india and pakistan.
The main objective of this article not to innovate new theories of the indus valley civilization, but to reexamine the all available data and write in a concise form for ease of understanding of. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short. The concept of town planning itself is a cumbersome one even today. The ruins of the cities, so far unearthed, show remarkable town planning, and excellent system of drainage and sanitation of the indus valley. The most striking feature of the ivc is the townplanning. Towns were rectangular, with straight walls all facing north, south, east or west, and straight streets that formed a pattern like a grid and divided the city into block sections.
Pdf reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. Study of growth of the indus civilisation by network analysis initially it is a random network. The exhibition catalogue also documents selected objects in. The excavation undertaken in various places gives clear indication that the people of indus valley were primarily urban people. Rediscovering harappa the ancient indus civilization. Contents a about indus valley civilization b the town planning of harappa c the town planning of mohenjodaro d the town planning of dholavira e the town planning of lothal f the town planning. Being one among the five largest harappan cities in the subcontinent, dholavira has yielded many firsts in respect of ivc. The time period of mature indus valley civilization is estimated between bc. Features of indus valley civilization town planning, social life, art and craft, seal and. Indus valley civilization summary drainage system wells and reservoirs. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the fringes of western uttar pradesh.
The harappan civilization lasted for about one thousand years. Like most of the indus towns, mohenjodaro was a gridplanned city i. The cities show evidence of an advanced sense of planning and organization. Tnpsc online test history indus valley civilization. Town planning and artifacts of the harappan civilization. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization area would have also produced a lot of nomadic huntergatherers tempted to live by raiding and scavenging on the settled sites.
Townplanning of harappan culture your article library. Geographical extent, town planning, religion, trade, art. City planning of the indus valley civilization the indus valley civilization harappa civilization in india had a really well made town planning system. Indus valley civilization town planning, town planning in harappan. The most characteristic feature of the harappan civilization was its urbanization. The harappan civilization was mainly urban and mercantile. Town planning and architecture in indus valley civilization idocpub. Indus civilization, also called indus valley civilization or harappan civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the indian subcontinent. John marshall was the first scholar to use the term, indus civilization. Town planning and architecture in indus valley civilization. Indus valley civilization important questions punjab. Inhabitants of the indus valley traded with mesopotamia, southern india, afghanistan, and persia for gold, silver, copper, and turquoise.
The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 25001700 bce, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium bce. The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india. The pdf version of the exhibition catalogue is available at. Indus valley civilization town planning, town planning in. Archaeological evidence shows that many of the major cities of the harappan civilization, like harappa, mohenjodaro, and dholavira faced abandonment and decline during the late 3rd and early 2nd millennium b. It bisects sindh, overflowing on both east and west valley regions to form the rich. The indus valley people had wellbuilt, well organised town planning. Imposing order and structure is a natural human tendency not just for things and activities but also for natural resources like land and water. The salient features of the indus valley civilization are as follows. Montgomery district of punjab pakistan on the bank of ravi.
Case study city planning and organization of indus valley civilization overview. Isbn 9789231027192 the indus civilization diji cultural type that is widely spread as evidenced by the excavations at sarai kala, 12gumla, rahman dheri, 14 on the indus plain, near dera ismail khan, and several other placesinthepunjab. The harappa town planning has amazed the archaeologists worldwide. Indus valley civilization pdf short note covers important points viz. What are the main city of indus valley civilization. The presence of harappan antiquities in mesopotamia clearly indicated the relationship between these two cultures and opened a. Dholavira is a sleepy village in the great runn of kutch. The indus cities whether harappa or mahenjodaro in pakistan or kalibangan, lothal or sarkotada in india shows town planning of a truly amazing nature. The civilisations cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non. Geographical extent, town planning, religion, trade, art and script of harappan people. Features of indus valley civilization town planning, social life, art and craft, seal and script. Building and technology the indus valley civilization.
The excellent drainage and sanitation systems are remarkable. Indus region in trade records of mesopotamia indicating. Together with ancient egypt and mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the near east and south asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from. City areas most of the cities were divided into two main parts. Indus valley civilization after it was introduced by the aryans. Garg, divya case study city planning and organization of. Features of indus valley civilization town planning. This ancient civilization has amazed historians with its unprecedented organizing principles, which were used to plan, develop and evolve the towns and cities.
Extending from northeast afghanistan to pakistan and northwest india, it covered approximately 280,000 square miles. We report an ancient genome from the indus valley civilization ivc. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 29 indus valley close to mehrgarh but in a far away region of hakra basin in harappa around 3200 bc and seems to be an indigenous development. Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq. It was the most sophisticated and exemplarily system before the romans. Town planning is the unique feature of indus valley civilization. As a term, harappa represents the entire indus valley civilization. An ancient harappan genome lacks ancestry from steppe.
Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 bce. Bronze age civilisation major sites h ar p first ivc sites to be excavated excavated by daya ram sahini in 1921 location. Harappan towns and cities were built as per grid pattern wherein roads and by lanes bisected each other at right angles. Necessity scope principles of town planning, present status of town planning in. Researchers believe that the aryans influenced the hindu religion. Questions home cuyahoga falls city school district. Mohenjodaro is located west of the indus river in larkana district, sindh, pakistan, in a central position between the indus river and the ghaggarhakra river. Farming settlements began around 4000 bce and around 3000 bce there appeared the first signs of urbanization. The ruins of the cities, so far unearthed, show remarkable town planning, and excellent system of drainage and sanitation of the indus valley civilization. Indus valley civilization town planning the town planning of the harappan civilization upholds the fact that the civic establishments of the city were highly developed. Ias previous year ancient history questions lecture 02.
Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. The life in the indus cities gives the impression of a democratic bourgeois economy like that of ancient crete. The salient features of the indus valley civilization. It will help students to understand the importance of artifacts as a source for studying ancient. The indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is pakistan and northwest india today, on the fertile flood plain of the indus river and its vicinity. It is situated on a pleistocene ridge in the middle of the flood plain of the indus river valley, around 28 kilometres 17 mi from the town of larkana. Indus valley civilization ancient history encyclopedia. Town planning was the hallmark of harappan culture. On the whole, the cities in the indus valley civilization present from the social viewpoint the picture of a fairly egalitarian society. It extended from jammu in the north to the narmada estuary in the south, and from the makran coast of baluchistan in the west to.
Harappan civilization 2 architecture 2 drainage system 3 the planning of the residential houses were also meticulous. Major sites h ar p first ivc sites to be excavated. Most of our knowledge of the indus cities is based on excavations at mohenjodaro and harappa. The striking feature of the indus valley civilisation was the wellplanned nature of its cities. Which of the following about the indus valley civilization is correct. A timeframe of 4th3rd millennium bce was now possible for dating the earliest culture of the indian subcontinent. City planning and organization of indus valley civilization ischools. The townplanning of harappan culture is one of its most impressive aspects, as though it was the handiwork of a genius of an architect. Indus valley or harappan civilization, existed along. The indus valley civilisation, also known as the harappan civilisation, is the oldest civilisation in asia. However, the initial hump suggests that it is a distributed scale invariant network with almost 3 strong nuclei and about 30 smaller nuclei.
Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. Researchers have found swastikas a symbol that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross,hindu gods shiva and rudra, and a mother goddess symbolizing fertility. Contents a about indus valley civilization b the town planning of harappa c the town planning of mohenjodaro d the town planning of dholavira e the town planning of lothal f the town planning of channu daro g the town planning of rakhigarhi 2. The aryan civilization was once thought to be the oldest culture in india. In every aspect like roads, houses, drainage, bath, granary, the harappan people. Main streets a remarkable feature of the large urban settlements of the indus valley civilization is the regularity and order in the town planning and consideration given to the civic amenities. Indus people were the first to build planned cities with scientific drainage system. Drainage system of indus valley civilization the indus civilization had an elaborate sanitary and drainage system, the hallmark of ancient indus cities.
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